The Role Of Federal Government On Social Welfare Programs

Role of Federal Government Federal Government has the ability to create positive change in many social welfare systems. The support of the government ultimately determines the success of a social welfare program. They play an important role in the decisions of how funds are allocated and the importance of these various vulnerable populations. The federal government is used as a tool, to help implement and support social welfare programs. However, from my own opinion, it is sometimes lacking in the proper support needed in many aspects. This is caused by a plethora of reasons, not to say that the government is completely unsupportive. Yet, there may be a gap in the perception of these social issues. The government puts in place laws, regulations, system structures, and so on. Therefore, because the government are the implementers of how our country is ran, it is their responsibility to be a main facets in the support of the gaps that inevitably occur. Nonetheless, it can be difficult to understand the needs of these population’s and the reality of their hardships. Most in a position of power, such as the federal government, have not experienced the severity of the many situations, that results in individuals needing assistance from these social welfare programs. Moreover, it is essential that there is outreach to these populations. All the same, getting a more realistic view of the life in these contexts. For instance, the time cap of being on assistance throughout one’sShow MoreRelatedI Am Writing About The Social Welfare System Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesI am writing about the Social Welfare System. How a system that was created for the purpose of helping the needy, has now become a highway for people to abuse of it. This public policy program has come to be a very controversial subject on both sides of the political arena. 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This doctor-patient relationship was sacre d and there was no need for the federal government to intervene in this relationshipRead MoreProgressive Era Essay889 Words   |  4 PagesThe role and responsibilities of the federal government changed drastically during the Progressive Era and the New Deal. Rapid changes after the Civil War brought on a need for economic, social and political reforms. Before the Progressive Era and the New Deal, the federal government took a very hands-off approach and had little involvement in, and little care for the welfare of the American people. With the Progressive Era and the New Deal, the federal government became more involved and responsive

Rhetorical Analysis Of Yeats Poem Essay - 769 Words

Rhetorical Analysis: â€Å"How many loved your moments of glad grace, And loved your beauty with love false or true, But one man loved the pilgrim Soul in you, And loved the sorrows of your changing face.†(Yeats, 1893). This sentence is picked up from ‘When you are old’, a love poem written by an Irish poet called William Butler Yeats. Although he was tortured by the unrequited love, he still strongly expressed his admire to the only love of his life (Poetry foundation, 2016). In the first line, the word ‘many’ tells the audience that her beauty was pursued by rivals. Whereas in the third line, the word ‘one’ emphasise Yeats’ unique love towards her passionate soul. By contrasting ‘many’ and ‘one’, it conveys that other men loved ‘your’ physical appearance and it is not true love. However, ‘I’ love ‘your’ intrinsic nature and everything about ‘you’. Yeats intended to use this poem to illustrate ‘I’ am the only one who loved ‘you’ for real. Furthermore, Yeats appeals to logic by using antithetical terms, ‘false’ and ‘true’, ‘beauty’ and ‘pilgrim soul’, ‘your moments of glad grace’ and ‘the sorrows of your changing face’, pointed out how difference his love is compared with other men. Additionally, though ‘I’ is not using in the sentence, Yeats successfully interjected himself into this poem. The use of second person narrative creates a direct connection between the writer and the audience. In other words, it evoke pathos through putting the audience into the situation andShow MoreRelated Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay: An Analysis846 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock The general fragmentation of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is obvious. The poem seems a perfect example of what Terry Eagleton calls the modern transition from metaphor to metonymy: unable any longer to totalize his experience in some heroic figure, the bourgeois is forced to let it trickle away into objects related to him by sheer contiguity. Everything in Prufrock trickles away into parts related to one another only by contiguityRead MoreMutilating Self Into Spirit: Sylvia Plaths Poems.4131 Words   |  17 PagesSylvia Plath’s poems: Translation of the self into spirit, after an ordeal of mutilation. Introduction of the poems and the essay: * â€Å"Daddy† Sylvia Plath uses her poem, â€Å"Daddy†, to express intense emotions towards her father’s life and death and her disastrous relationship with her husband. The speaker in this poem is Sylvia Plath who has lost her father at age ten, at a time when she still adored him unconditionally. Then she gradually realizes the oppressing dominance of her father, andRead MoreContemporary American Poetry and Its Public Worlds Essay8159 Words   |  33 Pagesforces of therapeutic culture and the fantasies proposed in various kinds of advertising. For poetry to achieve cultural currency, in both senses of that term, it may have to find ways of reconciling the energies of romantic lyricism to overtly rhetorical ambitions and strategies. It will take me a long time to get to those ambitions because I first have to clarify plausible ways of using the concept of poetrys relations to a public world, and then I have to use that discussion in order to dramatize

Market Structure and Innovation Monopolistic Competition †Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Market Structure and Innovation Monopolistic Competition. Answer: Introduction: In terms of market economies, depending on the participating companies, a number of market systems can be identified. In the meanwhile, the business firms need to identify the operating market system in order to make manufacturing decisions and pricing of products or services offered towards the target demographics (Kamien Schwartz, 2012). Characterised by the number of purchasers and sellers available in a market system, a monopolistic competitive market can be differentiated from monopoly, oligopoly, and perfect competition (Carl, 2012). According to the economists, eateries such as coffee shops, cafe, restaurants, and patisseries, etc can be categorised into a monopolistic competition. The paper has been developed to evaluate the characteristics of different market structure and prove that eateries such as coffee shops, cafe, restaurants, and patisseries, etc are categorised into a monopolistic competition. Invariably, an analysis has been done to understand whether three or four such firms could compete in an oligopolistic market system. Precisely, the monopolistic competitive market system management has involved a number of elements of perfect competition and monopoly market system (Chu, 2012). Evidently, in a monopolistic competition, firms operating in the industry have offered almost similar products or services but the sold products or services are not perfect substitutes (Brems, 2013). In the meanwhile, the participants in the market possess equal as well as a low degree of market power whereas each of the firms can be identified as price makers. A figure has been presented herein below for better understanding: In a monopolistic competitive market, the price is decided by the firms using the formula MR = MC. However, the profit maximisation is low due to highly elastic demand. Hence, the amount of profitability can be found to be low at eateries such as coffee shops, cafe, restaurants, and patisseries, etc that makes them perfect match for monopolistic competition market. In reality, such market system is the middle position between perfect competition and monopolistic system (Kuenne Chamberlin, 2014). Unlike monopolistic market, a number of operating firms have taken part in the market system many. On the other hand, the obstructions to entry as well exit in the market system is significantly low (Forstater, 2017). Considerably, the decisions taken by any of the business firms participating in the monopolistic competitive market do not affect the other market competitors in a direct way. However, it can be seen through the theories of market economies that the eatery businesses cannot be categorised into monopoly or perfectly competition market. The primary reason for these businesses to not come under the monopoly and perfectly competition market is the decision making abilities of the firm regarding the price charged from the customers and slight substitutional effects of the products and services that makes the demand curve highly elastic (McCorkle, 2011). According to the characteristics of the perfectly competitive market management, the price is decided to be equal to the marginal costs at the equilibrium level due to a perfectly elastic demand curve. In a perfectly competitive market, P = AR = MR = MC = Minimum ATC. Hence, perfectly competitive firms are price takers and possess least decision making powers regarding the pricing strategy. A diagram has been presented herein below for better understanding: The eateries such as the restaurants, cafe, patisseries, and coffee shops serves differentiated products and services that are substitutes, but not perfect substitutes of each other. Hence, they charge higher prices as compared to the firms in a perfectly competitive environment (Chu, 2012). On the other hand, the price charged by the monopoly businesses is much higher than the total average cost in the market. Considering the fact, the eateries businesses cannot charge higher price as the monopolistic firms does (Forstater, 2017). A figure has been presented herein below for better understanding: It can be seen through the above figure that monopoly market has inelastic demand that maximises the profit by a higher amount. Therefore, it can be seen that the eateries businesses such as the restaurants, cafe, patisseries, and coffee shops cannot be considered as monopolistic or perfectly competitive firms (Forstater, 2017). These firms presents the characteristics of both the market, i.e. monopoly and perfectly competition that makes them operate in a monopolistic competitive market. Now, by considering the fact that whether three to four eateries firms such as the restaurants, cafe, patisseries, and coffee shops can operate in an oligopoly market, it is important to note that this type of markets have high barriers to entry. As the firms in oligopoly market are price makers due to no substitution available, the demand curve is inelastic in nature that maximises the profitability as compared to monopolistic competition. Furthermore, the high level of barriers to enter an oligopoly market occurs due to the requirement of high investment and legal proceedings (Pscoa, 2016). For example, the wireless carriers in a nation are found to operate in an oligopoly market. Hence, there is a need of massive capital expenditures to develop the infrastructure. Furthermore, the operators in an oligopolistic market tend to increase brand image by conducting different marketing activities. But, in the case of eateries, the investment and legal proceedings required to start a new business is quite low. There is a high level of competition that is met by product differentiation strategy (Pscoa, 2016). On the other hand, the eateries such as the restaurants, cafe, patisseries, and coffee shops are small scale firms that require low level of capital and financial funding. It is quite difficult for three to four eateries firms to make an oligopoly market. Hence, it is quite clear that three to four such firms cannot comp ete oligopolistically. A comparison of all four market structure has been presented in appendix 1 for further consideration. By considering the above discussion, it can be seen that small scale eateries such as cafs, coffee shops, snack-bars, restaurants and patisseries presents certain characteristics of both monopoly and perfectly competitive firms. On the other hand, these firms do not need high level of investment and legal proceedings that are required to compete oligopolistically. Hence, it can be clearly stated that eateries such as cafs, coffee shops, snack-bars, restaurants and patisseries primarily operates in monopolistically competitive markets. References Brems, H. (2013).Product equilibrium under monopolistic competition. Cambridge: Harvard Univ Press. Carl, S. (2012).Market Structure. New Delhi: World Technologies. Chu, Y. (2012). Optimal capital structure, bargaining, and the supplier market structure.Journal Of Financial Economics,106(2), 411-426. Forstater, M. (2017).Economics. London: A. C. Black. Kamien, M., Schwartz, N. (2012).Market structure and innovation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kuenne, R., Chamberlin, E. (2014).Monopolistic competition theory: studies in impact. Wiley. McCorkle, S. (2011).Focus, economic systems. [New York, NY]: National Council on Economic Education. Pscoa, M. (2016). Monopolistic competition and non-neighboring-goods.Economic Theory,9(1), 129-142.

The Strategies Used in the Dairy Co. Negotiation Exercise

Negotiation Objectives Though both pay rates and classification had been agreed upon in the previous negotiations, this negotiation dealt with four major objectives, namely: basis for increases in wages during the life of the agreement; agreeing upon the workplace arrangements, such as the process by which employees will be identified for, and can nominate for training; agreeing upon an hours’ roster, including implications for shifts and for overtime; agreeing upon the agreement duration; and last but not least, deciding on whether the set joint workplace committee should be a negotiating body or a consultative one; and whether any company information can be kept confidential from the committee.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Strategies Used in the Dairy Co. Negotiation Exercise specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For the purpose of this assignment, I will be arguing on the Dairy Co workers union side. My decision is based on the fact that, in most companies, unions enter negotiations without skills and experience on negotiation strategies and phases. As a result, most negotiations end up failing, or favouring the side of managers. So, this easy will provide them with different strategies, skills, principles and phases involved in an effective negotiation. Negotiation Phases During this negotiation, the four negotiation phases that were followed are: making organized, which involved a certain level of beforehand preparations; breaking up phase which involved agreement foundation development by â€Å"framing the issues, without becoming bogged down in the miniscule details† (Bazerman Neale, 1992); accepting a common line or detail setting phase which saw demand reduction from both sides to try to reach at a conclusion; and the last phrase was finding a solution where the two parties reached at an agreement by finding better ways of protecting their rights as well as profits . At the end of these phases, all objectives had been reached upon, and an agreement had been made which did not delve much in the intricacies of ice cream production. How phase identification and preparation led to our success The first phase in our preparation was making organized. This phase was very important particularly when coming up with comprehensive arguments towards our case. This phase was of great help particularly in avoiding admonished situations due to unpreparedness. Making organized helped use in determining our negotiation objectives, as well as coming up with specifics we were going to negotiate about. According to Loudon, McPhail Wilkinson, (2009), this is a very important phase especially in putting things right before contacting anybody with whom we were going to negotiate with. This helps in the formation of negotiation agendas before the commencement of any negotiation; this is because the phase helped us in making union’s requirements. In this phase , the union identified correct individuals who will take part in the negotiation process, their duties along with their powers. It is stated by Lax Sebenius, (2006) that, â€Å"Intelligence gathering is crucial in obtaining a picture of the other side so we can assess their needs, motivations, and goals with respect to our own† (Lax Sebenius, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Breaking up was a very distressful phase in our negotiation process. At this phase, every party was very rigid in making decisions, demanding that every side has to accept what others have proposed. Meaning that, we were just having awkward stands hence we broke up with the management. Break up occurred because, every party was presenting; our positions to each other. At this phase, every party was trying to influence the other party to follow its stand. It is clear that proper preparation and identification of this phase prevented us from what is referred to as â€Å"becoming bogged down in the miniscule details† (Loudon, McPhail Wilkinson, 2009). According to Ray.F, 2010, this break up occurred because, we are from different parties with different objectives, duties and authorities, but we were forcing the management side to take our stand without considering their side. However, due to the difficulties that were experienced in this phase, we come up with alternatives to be used in the next phase. (Rojot, 1991) Accepting a bottom line phase was like a sharing or discussion stage, as the phase helped us to construct our agreement foundation through issue framing. In doing this, we were complying with Fisher Ury, (1981) that we had to put together our building blocks with the aim of understanding fundamentals aspects of our agreement, which all of us are looking forward to achieve. We come up with principles upon which all of us agreed upon, this included th ings like the agreement duration; ensuring that the set joint workplace committees should be a consultative body, other than being a negotiating one; and ensuring that any company information can’t be kept confidential from the committee. This agreement was reached after every side had reduced their demands depending on their bargaining power. This phase defined the objectives and goals of every party involved in this negotiation. Fisher Ury, (1981) states that this phase provides chances for the parties to find facts, apart from establishing some of the compatibility measures in the Dairy Company. At this stage â€Å"We advanced proposals and counter-proposals, back and forth, until some manner of tentative agreement was reached† (Bazerman Neale, 1992). Finding solution; this phase saw us reaching a common requirement apart from finding better ways of protecting our rights and their profits. It needed both of us to trust each other to find a solution which was mutua l reciprocity and benefit. This phase was very significant particularly when it comes to matters concerning contract completion assessment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Strategies Used in the Dairy Co. Negotiation Exercise specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At this phase, the management team and our team used external expertise in the venturing detail completion, which we were about to jointly settle upon. This phase provided us with the opportunity to discuss problems that might hinder realistic implementation of the new employment terms, to ensure that apart from being workable, it is viable. In line with recommendation made by Nierenberg, (1995) that negotiators have to dig out detailed facts relating to â€Å"production, scheduling, handling delays, task responsibility and authority,† (Nierenberg, 1995) this phase gave us room to use people in management and technical areas to ensure that the pro cess is streamlined, hence, apart from working smoothly, it also attained standards and requirements we both set. This was particularly in matters relating to basis for increases in wages, an hours’ roster, including implications for shifts and for overtime, and the function of joint workplace committees. At the final stages of this phase, the management team and union negotiators left everything to the wordsmith, particularly their respective lawyers, who Nierenberg, (1995) recommended that they will assist in putting what had been agreed upon into a document that is in a written form. They were also given the responsibility of describing contractual responsibilities to which the two parties had agreed upon. This gave room for both of us to re-frame our partnership/employment terms to a level that we were all satisfied with basis for increases in wages during the life of the agreement; workplace arrangements, such as the process by which employees will be identified for, and can nominate for training; hours’ roster, including implications for shifts and for overtime; the agreement duration; the responsibility of joint workplace committees; and the confidentiality of any company information to the committee The Contribution of Phases and Strategies to the Final Outcome The union used competitive strategy or distributive bargaining, while the management team used both integrative and distributive strategies. Competitive strategy was selected because, According to, Barrick, Mount, Strauss, (1993). its major aim is to maximize gains like wages, power, wages as well as status symbols; hence, the method was very appropriate with the union’s objectives. This strategy helped us much in reaching a concession that favoured us much, this is because, â€Å"One must start high, concede slowly, exaggerate the value of concessions, conceal information, argue forcefully on behalf of principles that imply favourable settlements, make commitments to acce pt only highly favourable settlements and be willing to outwait the other fellow’’(LaxSebenius,1986).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Distributive bargaining helped us, as we tried to get advantage by insisting the negotiation to favour our side. We were just aiming at having more negotiators as compared to the counterpart to ensure that the other side has conceded to us. On the other hand, the management used integrative strategy. With them, this strategy helped them particularly in the creation of rapport, which at the end made us to lower our demand. In addition, distributive strategy helped them to ensure that they don’t follow all of our demands. Hence, they also started at a lower level to ensure that they have also pulled us down in one way or the other. Changing the Strategy and Phases Adopted Considering the fact that this strategies and phases lead to a very successful negotiation process and everyone was satisfied by the outcomes, but, given the chance to change, I will opt for integrative approach. My reason for changing is based on the fact that, integrative phases and strategies gives a distin ction between individuals and problems, they preferred interests to positions, apart from generating lots of options before deciding on one. The strategy will also be in accordance Bray, Waring Cooper, (2009), â€Å"base the result on some objective standard-are relevant from the time you begin to think about negotiating until an agreement is reached or you decide to abandon the effort† (Bray, Waring Cooper, 2009). This strategy will also lead to very successful outcomes as they will produce an agreement which is efficient, wise and possible. In addition, the outcomes that will be reached upon will not, and still do not hurt any relationship at company workplace. As compared to other strategies like positional bargaining or distributive negotiation strategy that was used in this negotiation, integrative negotiation will allow parties to work together as a team other than individuals focused on winning, or dividing on something. The issue of separating individuals from the p roblem will also give room for the negotiators to compassionately and directly address the issues at hand, other than down grading other individuals. Pre-negotiation phase will be of great help particularly in the creation of rapport, which at the end leads to trust, apart from creating a friendly atmosphere which smoothen negotiations. However, other phases will not change were very successful in concentrating more on basic needs of every party in the negotiation, other than encouraging win/loss strategy. Apart from the break up phase, which should be replaced by conceptualization phase? This will lead to efficient and effective outcomes. The issue of having open minds as a result of proper preparations will provide lots of opportunities for inventions which will aim at serving the interests of every side, as well as speeding up the negotiation process. Conclusion During this negotiation, all the objectives were agreed upon; hence new employment contract was signed by Dairy Company management and worker/union negotiators. With this negotiation strategy, it is evident that proper application of negotiation phases and negotiation strategy can lead to effective and efficient negotiation process, which will at the end lead to positive outcomes acceptable by all parties involved. This has been proved by the efforts we made ourselves in Dairy Co. negotiation exercise. It is good to note that, â€Å"Anything worth doing is worth doing well, and as negotiation is something we can’t hide or run away from, we might as well do it right† (Fisher Ury, 1981) This is much correct if and only if we are ready to enter into negotiations with open minds, respect as well as understanding of other people’s interests, other than just focussing on our needs and personalities, without recognizing other trade-offs involved in any negotiation exercise, which has the ability of benefiting all parties involved in any negotiation (Sparks, D. 1993). List of Reference s Barrick, M., Mount, K. Strauss, J. 1993, Conscientiousness and performance of sales representatives: Test of the mediating effects of goal setting. Journal of Applied Psychology. 78, 715-722. Bazerman, H. Neale, A. 1992, Negotiating Rationally. New York: Free Press. Bray, M., Waring, P., Cooper, R. 2009, Employment Relations: Theory and Practice. Australia: McGraw-Hill. Fisher, R. Ury, W. 1981, Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In. New York, NY: Penguin Books. Lax, D. Sebenius, J. 2006, 3D Negotiation. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Loudon, R., McPhail, R., Wilkinson, A., 2009, Introduction to Employment Relations. Australia: McGraw-Hill. Nierenberg, G. 1995, The Art of Negotiating: Psychological Strategies for Gaining Advantageous Bargains, Barnes and Noble. Australia: McGraw-Hill. Ray, F. 2010, Effective Negotiation: From research to results’,pp.193-201 Rojot, J. 1991. Negotiation: from theory to practice. Houndmils, Hants: Macmillian. Sha piro, M. Jankowski, A. 1998, The Power of Nice: How to Negotiate So Everyone Wins – Especially You! New York: John Wiley Sons Inc. Sparks, D. 1993, The Dynamics of Effective Negotiation. Houston,Texas: Gulf Publishing Co. This essay on The Strategies Used in the Dairy Co. Negotiation Exercise was written and submitted by user Shania S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.